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Circulatory changes in cold-acclimation and cold stress

D T Chiu, K K Cheng

    Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology
    |September 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cardiovascular changes are key to how rats adapt to cold. Cold-acclimated rats show greater cardiac output and less peripheral resistance during cold stress, indicating circulatory adaptation.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Cardiovascular Research
    • Environmental Adaptation

    Background:

    • Understanding how animals adapt to cold environments is crucial for physiology.
    • Circulatory responses play a significant role in thermoregulation during cold exposure.
    • Previous studies have explored metabolic and circulatory adjustments to cold, but a comprehensive comparison is needed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cardiovascular changes in conscious cold-acclimated (CA) and warm-acclimated (WA) rats during acute cold exposure (5°C) and thermoneutral conditions (28°C).
    • To elucidate the role of circulatory adjustments in cold acclimation and cold stress.
    • To compare the mechanisms underlying circulatory and metabolic responses to cold.

    Main Methods:

    • Conscious rats (CA and WA) were exposed to either 5°C or 28°C.

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  • Hemodynamic parameters including cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were measured.
  • Oxygen consumption and arterio-venous O2 difference were also assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • CA rats exposed to 5°C and WA rats under cold stress exhibited significantly higher cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume compared to WA rats at 28°C.
    • Total peripheral resistance was significantly lower in CA rats at 5°C and WA rats during cold stress.
    • CA rats at 28°C showed decreased oxygen consumption and arterio-venous O2 difference, with only minor circulatory changes (decreased heart rate and cardiac index), suggesting a primarily metabolic response.

    Conclusions:

    • Circulatory adjustments are integral to cold acclimation and the physiological response to cold stress in rats.
    • The study highlights distinct cardiovascular profiles during cold acclimation versus acute cold stress.
    • Metabolic adaptation, rather than significant circulatory changes, characterizes the response of cold-acclimated rats to thermoneutral conditions.