Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Tibial torsion?

M A Ritter, G P DeRosa, J L Babcock

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Infant lower extremity development shows a natural increase in external rotation of the bimalleolar axis. This gradual rotation, from birth to 24 months, is a normal part of growth.

    Related Concept Videos

    You might also read

    Related Articles

    Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

    Sort by
    Same author

    The 'Isolated' Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.

    The Physician and sportsmedicine·2016
    Same author

    A Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Laxity Between Female and Male Basketball Players.

    The Physician and sportsmedicine·2016
    Same author

    [Not Available].

    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin·2016
    Same author

    Micromotion at the tibial plateau in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: fixed versus rotating platform designs.

    Bone & joint research·2016
    Same author

    Pharmacogenetic predictor of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotics: multilocus interaction in the mTOR pathway.

    European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2014
    Same author

    Trabecular bone density of the proximal tibia as it relates to failure of a total knee replacement.

    The bone & joint journal·2014
    Same journal

    Is Dose Reduction After Initial Treatment With Denosumab Associated With Subsequent Skeletal-related Events, Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, or Osteoporotic Fractures in Patients With Metastatic Carcinoma? A Nationwide Retrospective Comparative Study.

    Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
    Same journal

    Letter to the Editor: Most Contemporary TKA Implant Systems Meet International Benchmark Survivorship Standards: Evidence From a US Registry.

    Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
    Same journal

    Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Only Nine Percent of Orthopaedic Clinical Trials Report and One Percent Analyze a Social Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review.

    Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
    Same journal

    Letter to the Editor: Isolated Proximal Femoral Valgus Osteotomy for Hinge Abduction Improves Femoroacetabular Relationship in Patients With Perthes Disease.

    Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
    Same journal

    Kyphotic Scapular Posture Increases Posterior Deltoid Demand and Acromial-Spine Strain During Shoulder Motion: A Cadaver Study.

    Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
    Same journal

    Which Factors Are Associated With Death, Local Recurrence, and Perioperative Complications After En Bloc Resection for Primary Malignant Tumors of the Mobile Spine?

    Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
    See all related articles

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Orthopedics
    • Human Growth and Development

    Background:

    • Understanding the typical development of infant lower extremities is crucial for identifying potential abnormalities.
    • The bimalleolar axis rotation in infants has not been extensively documented longitudinally.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To longitudinally assess the degree of external rotation of the bimalleolar axis in infants.
    • To determine if this rotation correlates with factors such as sex, race, or age of independent walking.

    Main Methods:

    • A longitudinal study design was employed.
    • Measurements of the bimalleolar axis rotation were taken at birth, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months.
    • Statistical analysis was used to evaluate changes and correlations.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Main Results:

    • A statistically significant, gradual external rotation of the bimalleolar axis was observed from birth (mean 4 degrees) to 24 months (mean 11 degrees).
    • No significant correlation was found between the degree of rotation and the child's sex, race, or age at which independent walking began.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed external rotation of the bimalleolar axis is a normal component of infant lower extremity growth and development.
    • This finding helps establish normative data for pediatric orthopedic assessments.