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Clinical pharmacy services in hospitals educating pharmacy students
C L Raehl1, C A Bond, M E Pitterle
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, USA.
Pharmacotherapy
|October 3, 1998
Summary
Clinical pharmacy services and patient-focused care programs are more established in hospitals affiliated with Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) programs. Academic affiliation significantly impacts the availability of comprehensive pharmaceutical care.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Practice
- Health Services Research
- Hospital Administration
Background:
- The evolution of clinical pharmacy services and pharmaceutical care models has been a focus in acute care hospitals.
- Understanding the landscape of patient-focused care and pharmacy student education requires periodic national assessment.
- Previous surveys in 1989 and 1992 established baseline data for comparison.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the types of clinical pharmacy services, patient-focused care, and pharmaceutical care programs in U.S. acute care hospitals in 1995.
- To assess the integration of these services in pharmacy student education and training.
- To compare current findings with data from 1989 and 1992 surveys.
Main Methods:
- A national survey of 1102 acute care hospitals in the United States was conducted in 1995.
- Data collected included types of clinical pharmacy services, patient-focused care, pharmaceutical care programs, and pharmacy student education.
- Outcomes were compared with previous national surveys from 1989 and 1992.
Main Results:
- Core clinical pharmacy services (e.g., drug-use evaluation, pharmacokinetic consultations) were prevalent in Pharm.D.-affiliated hospitals.
- Comprehensive pharmaceutical care programs were more established in Pharm.D. (64%) and B.S. (42%) affiliated hospitals compared to nonteaching hospitals (33%).
- Patient-focused care programs were also more prevalent in academic settings (77% in Pharm.D.-affiliated vs. 60% in nonteaching).
- Pharmacists served as care team leaders in 23% of pharmacy college-affiliated hospitals.
- For-profit hospitals were less likely to provide pharmacy student education.
Conclusions:
- The availability and establishment of patient-focused and comprehensive pharmaceutical care programs are strongly correlated with a hospital's academic affiliation, particularly with Pharm.D. or B.S. degree programs.
- Hospitals with stronger academic ties, especially those affiliated with Pharm.D. programs, demonstrate more advanced clinical pharmacy services and patient care models.
- Academic programs play a crucial role in the advancement and implementation of contemporary pharmacy practice models in acute care settings.