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Instructional methods

J H Shatzer1

  • 1Office of Medical Education Services, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-4461, USA.

Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
|October 6, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Medical schools are exploring innovative teaching methods beyond curriculum content. Effective learning requires understanding cognitive psychology principles and adapting diverse instructional strategies for future physicians.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's initiative aims to enhance medical education.
  • Focus on instructional methods ("how to teach") alongside curriculum reform ("what to teach").

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the adoption of new instructional methods in eight participating medical schools.
  • To identify conditions for effective learning based on cognitive psychology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cognitive psychology research on effective learning.
  • Analysis of various new instructional methods: problem-based, small-group, self-directed, and computer-based learning.
  • Examination of learning in outpatient settings and methods for integration.

Main Results:

  • Schools adopted diverse instructional approaches.
  • Effective learning is linked to cognitive principles.
  • New methods were explored, including problem-based and computer-based learning.

Conclusions:

  • Medical schools must accommodate varied learning styles.
  • Faculty development in new teaching methods is crucial.
  • Instructional methods should be evidence-based, prioritizing teacher skill and enthusiasm.

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