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Related Experiment Videos

How cells respond to interferons

G R Stark1, I M Kerr, B R Williams

  • 1Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA. starkg@cesmtp.ccf.org

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|October 6, 1998
PubMed
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Interferons (IFNs) trigger antiviral and immune responses through rapid signaling pathways involving Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). These pathways regulate gene expression, but ancillary pathways and alternative roles of JAKs/STATs raise questions about cellular physiology and cytokine response specificity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interferons (IFNs) are critical cytokines involved in antiviral defense, anti-growth activities, and immune modulation.
  • Cellular responses to IFNs are primarily mediated by rapid, direct signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of interferon signaling pathways.
  • To investigate the roles of Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) in IFN responses.
  • To explore the intersection of IFN signaling with general cellular physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation events.
  • Tracking the translocation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) to the nucleus.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Gene expression analysis of interferon-induced proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • Interferon signaling involves rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of JAKs and STATs at the cell membrane.
    • Activated STATs migrate to the nucleus to induce the expression of specific gene products.
    • Ancillary signaling pathways are activated but their physiological impact is less understood.

    Conclusions:

    • The JAK-STAT pathway is central to mediating interferon's effects on gene expression and cellular responses.
    • The alternative roles of JAKs, STATs, and IFN-induced proteins suggest complex cross-talk with other cellular processes.
    • Further research is needed to understand how IFN response specificity is maintained within the broader context of cellular physiology.