Heterogeneity in the accessory olfactory system

The mammalian accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is chemoarchitecturally heterogeneous in that it stains differentially with a number of markers; the receptor cells that project to the AOB are similarly heterogeneous. What is the significance of this heterogeneity? We have found that the AOB of the gray, short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, stains differentially with a number of 'markers': antibodies to olfactory marker protein (OMP) and the alpha subunit of the G protein Gi2, the lectin of Vicia villosa and NADPH-diaphorase. These markers stain the rostral AOB more strongly than the caudal AOB whereas, the G protein subunit G(o) alpha is located predominantly in the posterior subdivision of the AOB. This heterogeneity in the chemoarchitecture of the AOB may reflect a fundamental organizational dichotomy within the vomeronasal system that corresponds to a functional dichotomy. The vomeronasal sensory epithelium also exhibits a chemoarchitectural heterogeneity: receptor cells in the basal third are G(o) alpha-immunoreactive whereas the cells in the middle third are Gi2 alpha-immunoreactive. Tracing studies using WGA-HRP demonstrate that the neurons in the middle third of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium project their axons to the anterior AOB whereas those in the basal third appear to project to the posterior AOB.