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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Retinoid-X receptor signalling in the developing spinal cord

L Solomin1, C B Johansson, R H Zetterström

  • 1The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, Sweden.

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|October 6, 1998
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Retinoid signaling is vital for development. New transgenic mouse assays reveal that retinoid-X receptors (RXRs) are activated in the spinal cord, playing a key role in motor neuron maturation.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Retinoids regulate gene expression via nuclear hormone receptors, including retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid-X receptors (RXRs).
  • Assessing ligand-activated receptor distribution in vivo, especially for RXR, has been challenging.
  • RXR's role as an unliganded auxiliary protein is established, but its ligand-activated function in vivo remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel assay for detecting ligand-activated nuclear receptors in vivo.
  • To investigate the in vivo role of retinoid-X receptors (RXRs) in the developing spinal cord.
  • To elucidate the specific activation patterns of RXR and RAR during embryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a transgenic mouse assay using effector fusion proteins (Gal4-RXR or Gal4-RAR).
  • In situ detection of ligand-activated receptors via an inducible transgenic lacZ reporter gene.
  • Analysis of receptor activation patterns in the developing spinal cord.

Main Results:

  • The assay successfully detected ligand-activated effector proteins in vivo.
  • Specific receptor activation patterns were observed in the spinal cord.
  • Evidence suggests RXR activation is crucial for the maturation of limb-innervating motor neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Retinoid-X receptors (RXRs) function as bona fide receptors in the developing spinal cord.
  • The developed assay provides a powerful tool for studying nuclear receptor activity in vivo.
  • RXR activation is critical for motor neuron development and maturation.