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Individual variation in response to altitude training

R F Chapman1, J Stray-Gundersen, B D Levine

  • 1Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas 75231; and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|October 7, 1998
PubMed
Summary

The "live high-train low" altitude training model significantly improves running performance by increasing maximal oxygen uptake (V(O2)max). Individual responses vary, depending on erythropoietin (Epo) levels and training intensity at altitude.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Altitude Training

Background:

  • The "live high-train low" (LHTL) altitude training strategy aims to enhance maximal oxygen uptake (V(O2)max) and athletic performance.
  • Individual variability in response to LHTL training is significant, necessitating an investigation into contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors contributing to the variability in individual responses to LHTL altitude training.
  • To determine the physiological markers associated with successful adaptation to altitude training in runners.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 39 collegiate runners categorized as responders or non-responders based on 5,000-m run time changes after 28 days of LHTL.
  • Prospective examination of 22 elite runners to validate findings.
Keywords:
Non-programmatic

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of erythropoietin (Epo) concentration, total red cell volume, and V(O2)max.

    • Main Results:

    • Responders showed a significantly greater acute increase in Epo and sustained elevation after 14 days compared to non-responders.
    • Altitude training led to increased red cell volume and V(O2)max in responders, but not non-responders.
    • Non-responders experienced a decrease in interval training velocity at altitude, impacting oxygen consumption.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant improvements in 5,000-m run performance after altitude training depend on achieving a substantial Epo increase to boost red cell volume and V(O2)max.
    • Maintaining interval training velocity and oxygen flux near sea-level values by training at lower altitudes is crucial for optimal adaptation.