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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Survey Safety01:28

Survey Safety

Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

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Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
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College students' AIDS risk perception

E J Brown1

  • 1Center for Urban Health Research, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia 19104, USA.

Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
|October 7, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Students often underestimate their personal risk for AIDS, despite understanding HIV transmission. Perceived risk increased with social distance, with individuals viewing friends and peers as higher risk than themselves.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Behavior
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Understanding individual risk perception is crucial for effective HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.
  • Knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is a key component in assessing Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk.
  • Discrepancies between self-reported behaviors and perceived risk can hinder public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess how students appraise their AIDS risk based on sexual and drug-use behaviors.
  • To investigate the congruence between self-reported high-risk behaviors and perceived personal AIDS risk.
  • To examine the influence of social distance on AIDS risk perception.

Main Methods:

  • Students evaluated their personal AIDS risk.
  • Self-reported sexual and drug-use behaviors were used as criteria for risk appraisal.
  • Perceived risk was compared across different social distances (self, friends, peers).

Main Results:

  • Students' appraisal of AIDS risk, based on behavior, reflected their knowledge of HIV transmission.
  • A significant incongruence was observed between high-risk behaviors and perceived AIDS risk, with some students reporting 'nil' or 'small' risk.
  • Perceived behavioral riskiness escalated with increasing social distance from the individual.

Conclusions:

  • Students' knowledge of HIV transmission is present but does not always translate into accurate personal risk assessment.
  • The tendency to perceive greater risk in others than oneself may represent a cognitive bias affecting AIDS prevention efforts.
  • Interventions should address the gap between behavioral risk and perceived risk, particularly highlighting personal vulnerability.