Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
14:13

Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing

Published on: May 6, 2014

HONC measures in 4- to 6-year-old children. Horii Oral Nasal Coupling Index

Z Mra1, J E Sussman, J Fenwick

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14260, USA.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|October 7, 1998
PubMed

Insights

Horii's Oral Nasal Coupling Index (HONC) provides valid and reliable nasal resonance measures in children and adults. This study collected normative HONC data in young children, confirming its utility for evaluating speech disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Acoustic Analysis
  • Pediatric Audiology

Background:

  • Assessing nasal resonance is crucial for diagnosing speech disorders, particularly in children with cleft palate.
  • Normative data for acoustic measures like Horii's Oral Nasal Coupling Index (HONC) in young children are limited.
  • Understanding age-related differences in HONC is essential for accurate clinical interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative Horii's Oral Nasal Coupling Index (HONC) data for 4- to 6-year-old children without cleft palate.
  • To validate the use of HONC in evaluating young children with cleft palate.
  • To compare HONC values between children and adults to confirm its age-invariant normalization of nasal accelerometric signals.

Main Methods:

  • Accelerometric and acoustic signals were measured from nasal and non-nasal utterances produced by children.
  • Sustained "m" productions were used to calibrate correction factors for nasal and oral signals.
  • Ten boys and 10 girls aged 4-6 years with normal speech, language, and hearing participated.

Main Results:

  • A 13 dB difference in HONC distinguished nasal from non-nasal sentences.
  • No significant gender-based differences were observed in HONC scores for sentences or "m" productions.
  • Calibration correction factors did not differ between genders.

Conclusions:

  • Horii's Oral Nasal Coupling Index (HONC) effectively differentiates between nasal and non-nasal utterances in children and adults.
  • HONC measurements are valid and reliable for detecting disorders of nasal resonance across age groups.
  • The study provides essential normative data for using HONC in pediatric speech evaluations.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults08:47

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Oral01:16

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Oral

The oral stage is the initial phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, occurring from birth to approximately 12 to 18 months. During this period, the infant's mouth serves as the primary source of pleasure, with actions such as sucking, chewing, biting, and drinking playing a crucial role in reducing tension. These activities are essential not only for nourishment but also for the infant's psychological and emotional satisfaction.
Weaning, typically occurring around the age...