Hematuria and death secondary to aortoureteric fistula

Ureteroarterial fistulae are extremely rare after previous vascular surgery. Eight cases have been described in the English literature. This is the first example of a vascular communication between the aorta and the ureter. All previous cases were ureteroiliac fistulae. Known hydronephrosis in the presence of prior vascular grafting and heavy hematuria should alert the clinician to the possibility of a ureteroarterial fistula.