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[Diabetes and pregnancy in Mexico]
G Forsbach1, J Vázquez-Lara, C Alvarez-y-García
1Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia, IMSS, Monterrey. gforsbac@mail.mty.itesm.mx
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common diabetes in pregnancy in Mexico. Screening pregnant women for gestational diabetes (GDM) identifies 4-11% of cases, with many resolving post-partum.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Public Health Research
Context:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy presents significant maternal and fetal risks.
- Mexican studies over 15 years provide insights into DM and pregnancy demographics.
- Gestational diabetes (GDM) detection methods are crucial for early intervention.
Purpose:
- To synthesize findings from Mexican research on diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.
- To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of pregestational and gestational diabetes.
- To evaluate the utility of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for GDM screening.
Summary:
- A review of five studies (689 patients) found Type 2 DM most prevalent in pregnancy, with GDM in 47%. Maternal complications included toxemia (18%) and polyhydramnios (10%). Perinatal outcomes showed 7% mortality and 25% macrosomia.
- Six studies on GDM screening in normal pregnant women using OGTT reported prevalence rates from 4.3% to 11%.
- Postpartum re-evaluation revealed that a majority of women diagnosed with GDM or glucose intolerance had normal OGTT results.
Impact:
- Highlights Type 2 DM as the predominant form of diabetes complicating pregnancy in Mexico.
- Establishes a prevalence range of 4-11% for GDM in Mexican pregnant populations via systematic screening.
- Informs clinical practice regarding GDM screening protocols and postpartum follow-up strategies.