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Related Experiment Videos

The cone/horizontal cell network: a possible site for color constancy

M Kamermans1, D A Kraaij, H Spekreijse

  • 1Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.kamermans@amc.uva.nl

Visual Neuroscience
|October 9, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Horizontal cells in the retina do not play a role in color discrimination. Instead, these cells are crucial for color constancy and simultaneous color contrast, modulating cone synaptic gains for spectral invariance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science
  • Retinal Physiology

Background:

  • Color vision relies on spectrally opponent neurons, with horizontal cells in fish and turtle retinas historically implicated in color discrimination.
  • Previous research indicated that the horizontal cell system's output to cones is not spectrally opponent, challenging their role in color discrimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of horizontal cells in visual processing beyond color discrimination.
  • To propose and model a new function for horizontal cells in color constancy and simultaneous color contrast.

Main Methods:

  • Formulated a computational model of the cone/horizontal cell network.
  • Incorporated measurements of cone action spectra and the feedback signal from horizontal cells.

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  • Included physiological details of the outer retina, focusing on feedback spectral/spatial breadth and cone synapse gain dependency.

    • Main Results:

    • The model demonstrated that broad spectral feedback from horizontal cells significantly impacts cone synaptic gain.
    • Synaptic gain of cones was shown to be highly dependent on the spectral composition of the visual surround.
    • The model's behavior exhibited characteristics of color constancy and simultaneous color contrast.

    Conclusions:

    • Horizontal cells are proposed to play a key role in color constancy and simultaneous color contrast, not color discrimination.
    • The horizontal cell network modulates cone synaptic gains, making cone output ratios invariant to global illumination spectral changes.
    • Color constancy may be encoded within the retina through the action of horizontal cells.