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Radiation fields backscattered from material interfaces: I. Biological effectiveness

D L Zellmer1, J D Chapman, C C Stobbe

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, Mercy Hospital, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18501, USA.

Radiation Research
|October 13, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Backscattered radiation from high-Z materials increased cell killing in CHO-K1 cells via the alpha-inactivation mechanism, but decreased it in CHO-xrs5 cells, suggesting complex radiobiological effects.

Area of Science:

  • Radiobiology
  • Radiation Physics
  • Cellular Radiation Effects

Background:

  • Cellular response to radiation is influenced by the radiation field characteristics.
  • Scattering materials can alter the physical dose distribution and energy spectrum of incident radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological effects of gamma and X rays scattered from various materials.
  • To compare the radiobiological responses of two Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines (CHO-K1 and CHO-xrs5) to scattered radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Irradiation of CHO-K1 and CHO-xrs5 cells with 137Cs gamma rays and 200 kVp X rays adjacent to scattering materials (polystyrene, glass, Al, Cu, Sn, Pb).
  • Estimation of absorbed dose in cell nuclei using backscattered dose measurements with a parallel-plate ion chamber.

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  • Measurement of cell inactivation via clonogenic assays and fitting survival curves to linear-quadratic (LQ) or linear models.

    • Main Results:

    • Differences in biological effects were largely explained by physical dose differences from scattering materials.
    • CHO-K1 cells showed increased low-dose (alpha-inactivation) killing with high-Z scatterers, suggesting increased Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE).
    • CHO-xrs5 cells exhibited significantly lower alpha coefficients of inactivation under similar conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Scattered radiation from high-Z materials can induce distinct radiobiological effects in different cell lines.
    • The observed opposite effects in CHO-K1 and CHO-xrs5 cells highlight potential differences in DNA repair or radiosensitivity mechanisms.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanistic basis for the differential response of these cell lines to backscattered radiation.