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Thoracic actinomycosis: CT findings

J E Cheon1, J G Im, M Y Kim

  • 1Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea.

Radiology
|October 14, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Computed tomographic (CT) findings in thoracic actinomycosis include chronic air-space consolidation with low-attenuation areas and peripheral enhancement. These CT features, along with pleural thickening, suggest this rare fungal infection.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Thoracic actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species.
  • Diagnosis often relies on a combination of clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the computed tomographic (CT) findings associated with thoracic actinomycosis.
  • To correlate CT findings with histopathological results in patients with confirmed thoracic actinomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of chest CT scans and radiographs from 22 immunocompetent patients with histopathologically proven thoracic actinomycosis.
  • Correlation of CT findings with histopathology in nine surgically treated patients.

Main Results:

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  • Unilateral lesions (average 6.5 cm) were observed, predominantly as patchy air-space consolidation (n=20) or mass (n=2).
  • Central low-attenuation areas within consolidation, often showing ring-like rim enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT, were noted in 75% of patients.
  • Adjacent pleural thickening was a common finding (73%), and histopathology revealed microabscesses with sulfur granules or dilated bronchi in these areas.

Conclusions:

  • CT findings of chronic segmental air-space consolidation with central low-attenuation areas and peripheral enhancement are suggestive of thoracic actinomycosis.
  • Adjacent pleural thickening further supports the diagnosis.
  • CT imaging plays a crucial role in identifying characteristic features of thoracic actinomycosis, aiding in timely diagnosis and management.