[Pore-forming leukotoxins from Staphylococcus aureus: variability of the target cells and 2 pharmacological...

The staphylococcal bi-component leukotoxins constitute a family included in the super-family of the beta-sheet-structured pore-forming toxins. They may be produced by Staphylococcus aureus and by Staphylococcus intermedius and their target cells vary according to the molecules. The mode of action proceeds by the sequential binding of the class S proteins, then by that of the class F proteins at the surface of the membranes. Then, the activation of cellular calcium-channels precedes the pore formation which seems to be sensitive to several monovalent cations. The cell response is inflammatory and includes the neosynthesis as well as the secretion of leukotriene B4, interleukin -8, histamine. The injection of leukotoxins to rabbits generates cell chemotaxis , vasodilatation, and tissue necrosis. The association of the production of leukotoxins with clinical syndromes concerns several aspects of the pathology of S. aureus, and confers to these leukotoxins an important role of virulence factors.