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Dietary protein affects intestinal calcium absorption

J E Kerstetter1, K O O'Brien, K L Insogna

  • 1School of Allied Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-2101, USA. Kerstet@uconnvm.uconn.edu

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|October 15, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Dietary protein impacts calcium absorption. Lower protein intake reduces fractional calcium absorption, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Higher protein intake increases calcium absorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Nutrition
  • Calcium Metabolism
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Dietary protein intake influences urinary calcium excretion in adults.
  • The precise mechanisms, particularly concerning intestinal calcium absorption, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of low (0.7 g/kg) versus high (2.1 g/kg) dietary protein on fractional calcium absorption in healthy women.
  • To elucidate the role of intestinal calcium absorption in protein-induced metabolic changes.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled dietary study involving 7 healthy women consuming two levels of protein intake in random order.
  • Measurement of fractional calcium absorption using dual-stable calcium isotopes.
  • Monitoring of urinary calcium, parathyroid hormone, and glomerular filtration rate.

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Main Results:

  • Low-protein diets resulted in hypocalciuria and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
  • High-protein diets significantly increased urinary calcium excretion and glomerular filtration rate compared to low-protein diets.
  • Fractional calcium absorption was significantly lower on the low-protein diet (0.19) versus the high-protein diet (0.26).

Conclusions:

  • Reduced intestinal calcium absorption is a contributing factor to secondary hyperparathyroidism observed with low-protein diets.
  • Dietary protein levels significantly modulate calcium absorption and related hormonal responses.