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Alterations in energy balance with exercise

K R Westerterp1

  • 1Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. k.westerterp@hb.unimaas.nl

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|October 15, 1998
PubMed
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Exercise impacts energy balance and body composition. Physical activity levels (PAL) vary, but training can increase them. Exercise boosts metabolic rate and alters body mass, though women may lose less fat due to energy preservation.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Metabolic rate measurement
  • Body composition analysis

Background:

  • Understanding energy balance is crucial for health and performance.
  • The doubly labeled water method provides accurate metabolic rate data.
  • Physical activity level (PAL) is a key indicator of energy expenditure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the relationship between exercise, energy balance, and body composition.
  • To determine the effects of exercise interventions on daily energy turnover.
  • To investigate exercise's impact on physical performance limits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the doubly labeled water method to measure average daily metabolic rate (ADMR).
  • Combined ADMR with resting metabolic rate (RMR) to calculate PAL.

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  • Analyzed existing data on exercise interventions and body composition changes.

    • Main Results:

    • General population PAL ranges from 1.2 to 2.2-2.5, with no sex difference.
    • Exercise training increases ADMR (about twice the training load) and fat-free mass.
    • Exercise decreases fat mass, though women show less fat loss due to energy preservation.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise significantly influences energy turnover and body composition.
    • Training and diet can enhance physical activity levels.
    • Individual responses, particularly in women, highlight the complexity of energy balance regulation.