[The treatment of hypospadias complexes]

To explain the preoperative assessment of the hypospadias cripple and define the fundamental principles of correction of the failed hypospadias repair.

Through case presentation and literature review, the defects associated with the failed hypospadias repair including persistent chordee, urethral stricture, urethrocutaneous fistula, urethral diverticulum, meatal retraction and stenosis, failed glansplasty are elaborated. Decision-making points in selecting a method of repair are also provided.

The principles of successful reoperative hypospadias surgery are discussed and listed.

A thorough assessment of the defect and precise application of standard principles of hypospadias repair allows for successful correction of even complex hypospadias cripples.