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Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) complex in Virginia

E T Schmidtmann1, F R Holbrook, E Day

  • 1Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.

Journal of Medical Entomology
|October 17, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Culicoides variipennis subspecies in Virginia were analyzed. Culicoides v. variipennis is widespread, while Culicoides v. sonorensis, a bluetongue virus vector, is rare, indicating distinct populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Entomology
  • Molecular Ecology
  • Medical Entomology

Background:

  • Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is a complex of subspecies with varying roles in bluetongue virus transmission.
  • Understanding the distribution and genetic distinctiveness of these subspecies is crucial for livestock health and international trade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the taxonomic status and distribution of Culicoides variipennis subspecies in Virginia using isozyme electrophoresis.
  • To determine the genetic relationship between Culicoides v. variipennis and Culicoides v. sonorensis populations in Virginia.

Main Methods:

  • Sampling of immature Culicoides variipennis from aquatic habitats across 22 Virginia counties.
  • Rearing of collected specimens to adult stage for analysis.

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  • Isozyme electrophoresis to analyze genetic variation and population structure.

    • Main Results:

    • Culicoides v. variipennis was found to be widespread and genetically similar to populations in Maryland.
    • Culicoides v. sonorensis, the primary North American bluetongue virus vector, was predominantly found in a dairy wastewater lagoon.
    • Genetic analysis confirmed distinctness between the subspecies, with no evidence of introgression despite sympatry.

    Conclusions:

    • The distribution of C. v. variipennis and the localized presence of C. v. sonorensis in Virginia have implications for bluetongue virus epidemiology.
    • Physico-chemical factors may influence the distribution of immature C. variipennis complex populations.
    • Accurate knowledge of C. variipennis complex distribution supports regionalization of livestock exports to bluetongue-free countries.