Fine structure of three types of olfactory organs in Xenopus laevis

There is no report on the fine structure of three types of olfactory organs in Xenopus laevis. Their functional assignments in olfaction are not yet established. The fine structure of three types of olfactory organs, olfactory epithelium (OE), vomeronasal organ (VNO), and middle chamber epithelium (MCE), was examined in Xenopus laevis by light and electron microscopy. The olfactory cells of the OE and the sensory cells of the VNO were equipped with cilia and microvilli, respectively, similar to terrestrial animals that possess both the OE and the VNO. On the other hand, the sensory cells of the MCE were classified into two types, the sensory cells with cilia and the sensory cells with microvilli, like those of the OE in fish. These findings suggest that the OE and the VNO in Xenopus laevis detect different kinds of odoriferous molecules in air, whereas the MCE is involved in the perception of odorants in water.