The nature and duration of treatment for GAD

It is becoming increasingly evident that GAD is a chronic condition with repeated acute-on-chronic episodes. Treatment in the short term relies on the benzodiazepines, which are rapid in action, providing substantial symptomatic relief with a low incidence of side-effects and low toxicity in overdose. The risk of more serious unwanted effects in the long term, including some risk of physical dependence, has led to a move towards alternative treatments both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic. Antidepressants are being used on a long-term basis, but data are sparse to confirm their efficacy in GAD. Anxiety management and cognitive-behavioural techniques are rivalling pharmacotherapy in popularity. None the less, research seeking optimal ways of combining therapies remains an urgent priority.