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Antimicrobial photosensitive reactions

S G Vassileva1, G Mateev, L C Parish

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria.

Archives of Internal Medicine
|October 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Drug-induced photosensitivity occurs when medications absorb UV light, causing skin inflammation. Both direct tissue damage (phototoxic) and immune responses (photoallergic) are possible, often detected post-marketing.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Photosensitivity reactions are adverse effects of various medications, including antifungals, antimicrobials, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
  • These reactions occur when drugs absorb UV or visible light, triggering an inflammatory response in the skin.
  • Reactions can be direct (phototoxic) or immune-mediated (photoallergic).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and implications of drug-induced photosensitivity.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying photosensitivity, especially during post-marketing surveillance.
  • To discuss the variability in photosensitivity reactions among different drug classes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on drug-induced photosensitivity.

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  • Discussion of in vitro and in vivo assay systems for prediction and confirmation.
  • Analysis of documented cases and post-marketing reports.

    • Main Results:

    • Drug photosensitivity incidence may be too low for detection in clinical trials, often emerging post-marketing.
    • Some drugs have been withdrawn due to photosensitivity issues identified after general release.
    • Variability in incidence and intensity of phototoxicity exists within antimicrobial classes.

    Conclusions:

    • Drug-induced photosensitivity is a significant adverse effect requiring careful monitoring.
    • Assay systems can aid in predicting and confirming these reactions.
    • The benefits of a drug may outweigh manageable photosensitivity risks.