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A CLOCK polymorphism associated with human diurnal preference

D Katzenberg1, T Young, L Finn

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Sleep Disorders Center, Palo Alto, Calif., USA.

Sleep
|October 21, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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A specific gene variant in the CLOCK gene is linked to eveningness, delaying sleep and activity timing by up to 44 minutes. This genetic factor influences individual diurnal preferences in adults.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Chronobiology
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Diurnal preference, or whether individuals are morning larks or night owls, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • The human CLOCK gene plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms, which govern sleep-wake cycles and other daily physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3' flanking region of the human CLOCK gene as a potential predictor of diurnal preference.
  • To determine if this CLOCK gene variant is associated with morningness-eveningness tendencies in a general adult population.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based random sample of 410 healthy adults was assessed.
  • Diurnal preference was measured using the 19-item Horne-Ostberg questionnaire.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Genotyping was performed to identify the presence of specific CLOCK gene alleles (3111C).

    • Main Results:

    • Individuals carrying the 3111C allele of the CLOCK gene exhibited significantly lower mean Horne-Ostberg scores, indicating a shift towards eveningness.
    • These subjects experienced a delay in preferred sleep and activity timing, ranging from 10 to 44 minutes.
    • The observed association was independent of age, sex, and ethnic background, minimizing concerns about population stratification.

    Conclusions:

    • A specific single nucleotide polymorphism in the CLOCK gene is associated with delayed sleep and activity timing, predicting eveningness.
    • This genetic variation within or near the CLOCK gene may underlie individual differences in diurnal preference.
    • Further research is warranted to confirm the role of this polymorphism and its regulatory elements in circadian rhythmicity.