Intentional communication by chimpanzees: a cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2026

Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges
07:18

Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges

Published on: January 26, 2024

D A Leavens1, W D Hopkins

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA. daleavens@aol.com

Developmental Psychology
|October 21, 1998
PubMed

More Related Videos

Electroencephalography Measurements in Awake Marmosets Listening to Conspecific Vocalizations07:52

Electroencephalography Measurements in Awake Marmosets Listening to Conspecific Vocalizations

Published on: July 26, 2024

Automated Interactive Video Playback for Studies of Animal Communication07:21

Automated Interactive Video Playback for Studies of Animal Communication

Published on: February 9, 2011

Related Concept Videos

Gestures During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:29

Gestures During Infancy and Toddlerhood

Gestures are nonverbal movements of the hands, arms, or face that allow infants and toddlers to communicate emotions, needs, and intentions before speech develops. Gesture use generally appears before spoken language and decreases as vocabulary expands. For example, an 11-month-old may raise their arms to request being picked up, whereas an 18-month-old may say “up.”Types of GesturesChildren mainly use deictic and representational gestures. Deictic gestures emerge around six months and include...
Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
Communication01:03

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
Early Vocalization During Infancy01:24

Early Vocalization During Infancy

Communication in infancy begins with crying, a reflexive and adaptive behavior that signals needs such as hunger, discomfort, or anger. Variations in pitch, pattern, and intensity help caregivers interpret these states, making crying an important survival mechanism during the neonatal period.Emergence of VocalizationsBy about six weeks, infants begin cooing, producing vowel-like sounds, squeals, and gurgles that often indicate contentment. Between six and ten months, cooing develops into...
Symbolic Understanding II: Displaced Reference01:27

Symbolic Understanding II: Displaced Reference

Displaced reference is an important milestone in symbolic understanding that begins to emerge around 12 months of age. It is the ability to use words to refer to objects, people, or events that are not currently visible. This ability allows infants and toddlers to learn through communication even when objects or events are not directly present.Early DevelopmentBy approximately 12 to 13 months, infants may respond to the name of an absent familiar object by looking or pointing toward the place...
Non-Verbal Cues01:29

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...