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Radiation-associated cerebral blindness

H D Pomeranz1, J W Henson, S Lessell

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114, USA.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 21, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This case report details blindness from white-matter injury after whole brain irradiation for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Radiation-induced optic radiation damage caused cortical blindness in this patient.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Radiation oncology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can spread to the brain, necessitating treatment like whole brain irradiation.
  • Radiation therapy, while effective, carries risks of neurotoxicity, including white-matter injury.

Observation:

  • A patient treated for metastatic RCC developed progressive vision loss months after whole brain irradiation.
  • Neuro-ophthalmologic examinations revealed a decline in visual acuity to hand motions in both eyes.

Findings:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed white-matter abnormalities in the parietal and occipital lobes, affecting the optic radiations.
  • The observed white-matter changes were consistent with radiation injury, leading to cortical blindness.

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Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare instance of radiation-induced white-matter injury causing severe visual impairment.
  • Understanding such complications is crucial for managing patients with brain metastases and optimizing radiation protocols.