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[Vitamin K: biochemistry, function, and deficiency. Review]

M E Mijares1, E Nagy, B Guerrero

  • 1Banco de Sangre, Hospital Miguel Pérez Carreño, Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales, IVSS, Caracas, Venezuela.

Investigacion Clinica
|October 22, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and bone health, acting as a cofactor for key proteins. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding or bone issues, but is treatable with Vitamin K administration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Nutrition

Context:

  • Vitamin K is a vital cofactor for synthesizing crucial blood coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X) and inhibitors (Protein C, S).
  • Its active form functions as a coenzyme in gamma-glutamic carboxylation, essential for protein function.
  • Vitamin K-dependent factors require calcium and phospholipids for enzymatic complex formation.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the role of Vitamin K in hemostasis and bone metabolism.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying Vitamin K deficiency and its clinical manifestations.
  • To highlight the diagnostic methods for assessing Vitamin K status.

Summary:

  • Vitamin K deficiency impairs gamma-glutamic carboxylation, compromising hemostatic function and potentially leading to hemorrhage or thrombosis.

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  • Causes of deficiency include poor hepatic storage in newborns, liver insufficiency, malabsorption, poor diet, antibiotic use, and coumarin administration.
  • Methods exist to measure both Vitamin K-dependent proteins and specific quinone forms for diagnostic purposes.

    • Impact:

    • Proper Vitamin K levels are crucial for preventing bleeding disorders and maintaining bone mass.
    • Understanding deficiency causes aids in targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
    • Accurate measurement methods support clinical diagnosis and management of Vitamin K-related conditions.