Morphology and kinetics of the hamster sperm acrosome reaction

The morphology and kinetics of the normal acrosome reaction were examined in vitro using hamster sperm incubated in detoxified sera. The reaction involved either swelling and elevation or crenulation and fragmentation of the acrosomal cap. Swelling and elevation occurred during both normal and degenerative reactions, as reported by others. Crenulation with subsequent fragmentation of the cap was observed during normal reactions. Early crenulation of the acrosome could be induced by cold shock (5 degrees C, 25 minutes), but this did not decrease the incubation time required (at 37 degrees C) for completion of the normal reaction. In appropriate sera, the occurrence of normal and degenerative acrosome reactions in motile sperm was significantly separated in time to study the reactions independently. The duration of the normal reaction, i.e., the time between the first morphological change in the acrosome (initiation)until the actual detachment of the cap (termination) was estimated to be 20 minutes. Saline dilution of these sera delayed initiation of the reaction and increased the duration of the reaction once it had started. Data from cold-shock and serum dilution experiments indicate that the mechanisms which govern the initiation and termination of the normal reaction are independently variable, and further suggest that initiation involves a change in membrane permeability and that termination includes membrane vesiculation.