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Enterovirus infections in neonates

A M Lake, B A Lauer, J C Clark

    The Journal of Pediatrics
    |November 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Neonatal enterovirus infections often occur in summer/fall and present with fever, diarrhea, and rash. Differentiating these viral infections from bacterial sepsis is crucial for prompt treatment in newborns.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Neonatal sepsis is a serious condition requiring prompt diagnosis.
    • Enterovirus infections can mimic bacterial sepsis in neonates, complicating diagnosis.
    • Distinguishing viral from bacterial infections is critical for appropriate management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify clinical and epidemiological features distinguishing enterovirus infection from neonatal sepsis.
    • To aid in the early recognition of enterovirus infections in neonates.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective study of 27 neonates with confirmed enterovirus infections.
    • Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings.
    • Comparison with typical presentations of neonatal sepsis.

    Main Results:

    • Enterovirus infections were linked to summer-fall seasonality (93%) and maternal illness (59%).
    • Common findings included fever (93%), diarrhea (81%), viral meningitis (62%), and rash (41%).
    • Complications such as thrombocytopenia and necrotizing enterocolitis occurred; Coxsackie B virus was associated with in utero transmission and mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • A specific constellation of findings, including seasonality, maternal illness, fever, diarrhea, rash, and negative bacterial cultures, suggests neonatal enterovirus infection.
    • While no single sign is definitive, these combined features warrant consideration for enterovirus.
    • Early suspicion can guide diagnostic workup and treatment, differentiating from bacterial sepsis.

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