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Driving respiration: the respiratory central pattern generator

M C Bellingham¹

¹Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. mark.bellingham@anu.edu.au

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology

|October 24, 1998

Summary

The brainstem

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Respiratory Physiology

Background:

The respiratory system relies on a central pattern generator (CPG) in the brainstem for rhythmic breathing.
The respiratory cycle comprises inspiration, postinspiration, and expiration phases.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the cellular and network mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythmogenesis.
To investigate the roles of intrinsic membrane currents and synaptic interactions in respiratory CPG function.

Main Methods:

Analysis of respiratory nerve discharge patterns.
Examination of neuronal firing and membrane potential patterns.
Review of synaptic inputs and intrinsic membrane currents in respiratory neurons.

Main Results:

Six basic respiratory neuron types are identified, phase-locked to the respiratory cycle.
Respiratory neurons exhibit complex excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interconnections.
Intrinsic membrane currents, including calcium and potassium channels, are implicated in CPG function.

Conclusions:

Both pacemaker and network-driven CPG theories have supporting evidence.
Developmental changes may alter the primary mechanism of respiratory CPG.
Further quantitative data on ionic currents is needed to fully understand respiratory rhythmogenesis.

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