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A new method for imaging perfusion and contrast extraction fraction: input functions derived from reference tissues

D A Kovar1, M Lewis, G S Karczmar

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|October 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary

A new reference tissue method enhances dynamic MRI analysis by extending data acquisition time. This allows for improved spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in perfusion and extraction fraction measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is crucial for assessing tissue perfusion and vascularity.
  • Traditional methods for analyzing DCE-MRI data are limited by short acquisition windows, restricting spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Accurate estimation of the capillary input function (CB(t)) is vital for quantitative analysis of DCE-MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel "reference tissue method" for analyzing dynamic MRI contrast data.
  • To significantly increase the available time for data acquisition in DCE-MRI studies.
  • To enable more precise quantification of perfusion (F) and extraction fraction (E) in tissues.

Main Methods:

  • The reference tissue method estimates the capillary input function (CB(t)) using uptake in a reference tissue (e.g., muscle).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Perfusion rate (F) and extraction fraction (E) are calculated per pixel using CB(t), relative extracellular volume, and tissue contrast concentration over time.
  • The method was validated in rats with tumors using Gd-DTPA and deuterated water (D2O) contrast agents, comparing results with traditional first-pass analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • The reference tissue method showed excellent correlation (r=0.90) with first-pass analysis for F x E(Gd-DTPA) and E(Gd-DTPA) values.
    • This method utilizes 20 minutes of post-injection data, offering a substantial increase in acquisition time compared to first-pass methods.
    • High precision in determining the contrast agent input function was achieved by using a large volume of reference tissue.

    Conclusions:

    • The reference tissue method provides a robust and accurate approach for quantitative analysis of dynamic MRI contrast data.
    • Extended acquisition times facilitate improved spatial resolution, field of view, or signal-to-noise ratio in DCE-MRI.
    • This method is particularly advantageous for imaging scenarios where traditional first-pass techniques are limited by tissue volume or required spatial resolution.