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Mycotic axillary artery aneurysm

R Jhirad1, P G Kalman

  • 1Department of Surgery, the Toronto Hospital Vascular Center, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Vascular Surgery
|October 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Mycotic axillary aneurysms, though rare, often result from arterial injury. This case highlights a mycotic aneurysm in an intravenous drug abuser, linked to a septic embolus from heart valve issues, echoing pre-antibiotic era reports.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Mycotic aneurysms are uncommon vascular complications, typically arising from trauma or infection.
  • Intravenous drug abuse is a known risk factor for infective endocarditis and subsequent embolic events.
  • Axillary artery aneurysms are rare, with mycotic etiology being even less frequent.

Observation:

  • A case study of a patient with a mycotic axillary aneurysm was analyzed.
  • The aneurysm was secondary to a septic embolus originating from valvular vegetations.
  • The patient was an intravenous drug abuser.

Findings:

  • The study identified a direct correlation between intravenous drug abuse, infective endocarditis, and the development of a mycotic axillary aneurysm.
  • Septic emboli from infected heart valves can lodge in the axillary artery, leading to aneurysm formation.
  • This presentation is similar to historical cases reported before the widespread use of antibiotics.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering intravenous drug abuse in the differential diagnosis of arterial aneurysms, particularly in the axilla.
  • Early recognition and treatment of infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users are crucial to prevent embolic complications like mycotic aneurysms.
  • The findings suggest that mycotic aneurysms, while rare, remain a significant clinical concern, especially in at-risk populations.

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