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Altitude-related illnesses

D L Klocke1, W W Decker, J Stepanek

  • 1Division of Emergency Medical Services, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|October 27, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Travelers to high altitudes face risks of altitude illnesses like acute mountain sickness. Prevention through education on ascent, lifestyle, and medications is key for safe high-altitude travel.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Travel Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Altitude-related illnesses frequently cause illness and sometimes death in travelers.
  • Primary altitude illnesses include acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and high-altitude cerebral edema.
  • The exact causes of these altitude syndromes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risks of altitude-related illnesses for travelers.
  • To discuss the impact of altitude on pre-existing medical conditions.
  • To outline preventive strategies for altitude illnesses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of altitude-related illnesses.
  • Analysis of effects on common medical conditions.
  • Summary of preventive measures and medications.

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Main Results:

  • Altitude illnesses are common and can be severe.
  • Altitude can worsen conditions like heart disease, lung disease, hemoglobinopathies, and pregnancy.
  • Preventive strategies significantly reduce illness risk.

Conclusions:

  • Most altitude-related health problems are preventable with proper traveler education.
  • Education should cover ascent rates, diet, alcohol, activity, and prophylactic medications.
  • Medications like acetazolamide, nifedipine, and dexamethasone are useful in specific situations.