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Learned changes of brain states alter cognitive processing in humans

B Mohr1, F Pulvermüller, H Schleichert

  • 1Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Fachgruppe Psychologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany. bettina.mohr-pulvermueller@uni-konstanz.de

Neuroscience Letters
|October 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Individuals can learn to control brain activity using operant conditioning. This brain training modified word processing speed, demonstrating potential for neurorehabilitation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurorehabilitation

Background:

  • Humans possess the capacity for intentional self-regulation of brain states.
  • Electrocortical activity provides real-time feedback for learning brain control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if operant conditioning can train individuals to control slow cortical potentials.
  • To determine if learned control of brain activity impacts higher cognitive processes like word processing.

Main Methods:

  • Operant conditioning was used to train twelve healthy volunteers to modulate slow cortical potentials (SCPs) in left-hemispheric language cortices.
  • Participants were trained to shift SCPs in positive (inhibition) and negative (activation) directions.
  • Behavioral measures of word processing were assessed before and after training.

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Main Results:

  • Six participants achieved reliable control over their left-hemispheric SCPs.
  • Controlled SCPs significantly altered word processing: activation condition (negative shifts) speeded word responses, while inhibition condition (positive shifts) slowed lexical decisions.
  • No significant changes in word processing were observed in participants who did not achieve SCP control.

Conclusions:

  • Operant conditioning can induce focal cortical activity dynamics, specifically modulating SCPs.
  • Learned control of cortical potentials can modify specific higher cortical functions, such as word access and lexical decision-making.
  • This research suggests novel avenues for neuropsychological rehabilitation through the operant conditioning of brain responses.