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Evidence-based decision-making: an argumentative approach

H D Dickinson1

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

International Journal of Medical Informatics
|October 30, 1998
PubMed
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This study presents a practical theory of argumentation to clarify how research evidence supports clinical decisions. It defines warrants as the rationale linking evidence to treatment claims, enhancing evidence-based medicine.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical reasoning
  • Argumentation theory
  • Evidence-based medicine

Background:

  • Clinical decision-making relies on integrating research evidence.
  • Current debates exist regarding the use and impact of evidence-based medicine.
  • A clear framework for using evidence is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a practical theory of argumentation.
  • To apply this theory to clinical scenarios.
  • To clarify the role of research evidence in individual treatment decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a practical theory of argumentation.
  • Applied the theory to a hypothetical clinical case.
  • Defined the concept of 'warrants' in clinical inference.

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Main Results:

  • Research evidence primarily establishes warrants, not directly uses them.
  • Warrants are rules or rationales justifying inferences from data to clinical claims.
  • The theory clarifies how evidence supports clinical judgments.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding argumentation clarifies evidence use in clinical practice.
  • This framework can resolve debates in evidence-based medicine.
  • The theory can inform decision support tools and performance assessment.