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Tissues and bone adhesives--historical aspects

M Donkerwolcke1, F Burny, D Muster

  • 1Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.

Biomaterials
|October 30, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Bone cements and adhesives utilize mechanical interlocking or molecular attraction for fixation. While effective, biocompatibility and potential adverse effects like infection require careful consideration for optimal bone repair outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Bone cements primarily rely on mechanical interlocking, while adhesives use molecular attraction for surface attachment.
  • Biocompatibility and reduced toxicity of all components are critical for medical adhesives and cements.
  • Historical use of bone bonding materials dates back over a century, with modern applications in fracture fixation and prosthesis anchoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms, applications, and limitations of bone cements and adhesives in orthopedic procedures.
  • To highlight the importance of biocompatibility and potential adverse effects associated with these materials.
  • To discuss the evolving understanding of materials like fibrin sealing in bone healing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current applications of bone cements and adhesives.
  • Analysis of bonding mechanisms (mechanical interlocking vs. molecular attraction).
  • Evaluation of biocompatibility, toxicity, and clinical outcomes, including complications.

Main Results:

  • Cements conform to surfaces for better bonding, while adhesives bond via molecular attraction.
  • Early adhesives like cyanocrylate showed promise but led to complications; polymethylmethacrylate forms a mechanical, not chemical, bond with bone.
  • Adhesives can impede tissue healing by forming barriers, and the osteogenic potential of fibrin sealing remains debated.

Conclusions:

  • The choice between cements and adhesives depends on the specific orthopedic application and desired bonding mechanism.
  • Careful material selection and consideration of biocompatibility are essential to minimize adverse effects and optimize bone repair.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of agents like fibrin sealing in bone regeneration and healing.

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