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Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface01:20

Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface

An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's angular speed. Since the...
Measuring Acceleration Due to Gravity01:12

Measuring Acceleration Due to Gravity

Consider a coffee mug hanging on a hook in a pantry. If the mug gets knocked, it oscillates back and forth like a pendulum until the oscillations die out.
A simple pendulum can be described as a point mass and a string. Meanwhile, a physical pendulum is any object whose oscillations are similar to a simple pendulum, but cannot be modeled as a point mass on a string because its mass is distributed over a larger area. The behavior of a physical pendulum can be modeled using the principles of...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
Gravitational Force01:16

Gravitational Force

In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the three laws of planetary motion, explaining in detail the geometrical properties of the planetary orbits around the Sun, there was no immediate idea to discern their connection with more fundamental laws. It was Isaac Newton who, in 1665–66, figured out the connection between planetary motion, the motion of the moon around the Earth, and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro
06:22

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro

Published on: August 28, 2019

Effect of gravity on vestibular neural development

M D Ross1, D L Tomko

  • 1NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ross@biocomp.arc.nasa.gov

Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews
|October 31, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Investigating how the environment and genes shape the nervous system is key. Space station research can explore these interactions across life cycles, advancing neuroscience.

Keywords:
NASA Center ARCNASA Discipline Neuroscience

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Last Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay between environment and genetics in nervous system development is a fundamental neuroscientific challenge.
  • Altered gravity environments, such as space stations, provide a unique setting to study these interactions across multiple life cycles.
  • Previous research has focused on the vestibular system in altered gravity, laying groundwork for future studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose future research directions for studying nervous system development in space.
  • To identify necessary equipment for conducting advanced neuroscience research on space stations.
  • To encourage bold research questions and technological development in space neuroscience.

Main Methods:

  • Review of past research on altered gravity effects on the nervous system, particularly the vestibular system.
  • Proposal of future research methodologies suitable for space station environments.
  • Discussion of essential equipment and infrastructure for space-based neuroscience experiments.

Main Results:

  • Identified the need for bold, international research questions in space neuroscience.
  • Highlighted the potential of space stations to study gene-environment interactions across generations.
  • Emphasized the importance of developing advanced technologies for space research.

Conclusions:

  • Space stations offer an unparalleled opportunity to investigate the lifelong shaping of the nervous system by environmental and genetic factors.
  • Future research should leverage this unique environment to make significant advancements in neuroscience.
  • International collaboration and ambitious research goals are crucial for maximizing the potential of space-based neuroscience.