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Mental performance during short-term and long-term spaceflight

D Manzey1, B Lorenz

  • 1German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine, Department of Aviation and Space Psychology, Sportallee 54a, D-22335, Hamburg, Germany. dietrich.manzey@dlr.de

Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews
|October 31, 1998
PubMed
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Astronauts show few cognitive impairments in space, but visuo-motor tracking and dual-task performance are disturbed, likely due to adaptation to microgravity. Future research should explore these effects and their underlying mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Human factors and performance in extreme environments.
  • Cognitive psychology and neuroscience in spaceflight.

Background:

  • Performance monitoring studies assess astronaut mental efficiency during space missions.
  • These studies involve repeated, multivariate assessments of human information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review performance monitoring studies in short-term and long-term spaceflight.
  • To identify consistent patterns of mental performance changes in astronauts.
  • To discuss research strategies and future directions for human performance in space.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing performance monitoring studies.
  • Multivariate assessment of cognitive functions, spatial processing, visuo-motor tracking, and dual-task performance.
  • Analysis of effects related to microgravity adaptation and stress.
Keywords:
Non-programmatic

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Main Results:

  • Minimal impairments observed in elementary and complex cognitive functions and spatial processing.
  • Significant disturbances identified in visuo-motor tracking and dual-task performance.
  • These disturbances are linked to adaptation to altered gravity conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Astronauts' mental performance is largely maintained, except for specific tasks sensitive to gravity.
  • Adaptation to microgravity significantly impacts visuo-motor and dual-task capabilities.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate microgravity effects from general spaceflight stress and understand tracking disturbances.