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Bladder tumor markers: need, nature and application. 1. Nucleus-based markers
M M Kirollos1, S McDermott, R A Bradbrook
1Urology Department, Torbay Hospital, South Devon Health Care Trust, UK.
International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
|October 31, 1998
Summary
Accurate diagnosis and management of bladder tumors rely on effective tumor markers. This review assesses older and newer urine-based bladder cancer tests for clinical utility.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Urothelial tumors, particularly bladder cancer, are prevalent and pose significant clinical challenges.
- Management involves surveillance and treatment, with invasive disease requiring more aggressive approaches.
- Reliable tumor markers are crucial for optimizing the benefit/risk ratio in diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical utility of various bladder cancer tumor markers.
- To evaluate established methods like cytology and cytometry.
- To assess the current status of novel nucleus-based tests.
Main Methods:
- Literature review from a clinician's perspective.
- Examination of diagnostic techniques for urothelial neoplasms.
- Analysis of urine-based tumor markers.
Main Results:
- Older techniques like cytology and cytometry have limitations.
- Newer markers such as P53, telomerase, NMP22, and Ki67 show promise.
- The effectiveness of these markers in clinical practice is under evaluation.
Conclusions:
- Improved bladder cancer tumor markers are needed for better patient management.
- Novel nucleus-based tests warrant further investigation for clinical application.
- The choice of diagnostic marker impacts treatment decisions and patient outcomes.