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[Hemorrhagic cystitis after high dose chemotherapy. An interdisciplinary problem]

H Sommerkamp1

  • 1Abteilung für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg.

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|October 31, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Hemorrhagic cystitis, a severe complication of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, causes significant bladder bleeding. While prevention helps, treatment involves diuresis, irrigation, and sometimes surgical interventions for life-threatening cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Hemorrhagic cystitis is a serious toxic side effect of high-dose cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.
  • It is a frequent complication, especially following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
  • Morphological bladder changes can lead to severe hematuria and bleeding complications in up to 70% of patients without preventive measures.

Purpose:

  • To outline the complications, prevention, and treatment strategies for hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide.
  • To highlight the challenges in managing severe bladder bleeding associated with chemotherapy.

Summary:

  • Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, characterized by bladder wall changes, hematuria, and clot formation.
  • Preventive measures reduce but do not eliminate the incidence of this complication.

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  • Treatment involves forced diuresis, continuous bladder irrigation, endoscopic cauterization, hemostyptic instillations, and in severe cases, embolization or surgery.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding these aspects is crucial for managing patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy.
    • Effective management strategies can mitigate the severity and life-threatening nature of this complication.
    • This knowledge aids clinicians in preventing and treating cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, improving patient outcomes.