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Mytilus protamine-like sperm-specific protein genes are multicopy, dispersed, and closely associated with
1Biology Program, College of Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Canada. heath@unbc.ca
Abstract:
Protamine-like sperm packaging proteins replace somatic histones during spermatogenesis, and although the proteins have been well-characterized in many marine invertebrate species, little is known of the arrangement of the genes. The research described here was designed to determine the sequence and structure of the protamine-like PL-III (or "phi 1") gene in marine mussels (Mytilus spp). The PL-III sequence was found to be extremely variable not only among the closely related Mytilus species, but also within species and populations. The variation observed among eight PL-III sequences from a single individual indicated that PL-III was probably multiple-copied. Southern analysis confirmed that PL-III, and another protamine-like gene, (PL-II), were multicopy and dispersed, as well as associated with a hypervariable element. Some PL-III genes are also arranged in nontandem clusters, and the spacer regions are probably the source of the hypervariable nature of the Southern blots. The arrangement of the protamine-like genes in Mytilus appears to be closer to that reported for histones than protamines; however, their association with a hypervariable element is novel.
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