Detection of prostaglandin E2 and matrix metalloproteinases in implant crevicular fluid

Studies show that implants exhibiting peri-implantitis contain elevated levels of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This study further evaluated possible mechanisms of osseous loss in peri-implantitis by examining GCF samples for the presence of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proteolytic enzymes, specifically matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Results indicated that levels of PGE2 in healthy sites were not significantly different from those at diseased sites. MMP species migrated at 92 kd and 66 kd. No qualitative difference in bands was seen between healthy implants and those diagnosed with early peri-implantitis. Results suggested that PGE2 and MMP levels are not useful biologic markers for distinguishing between healthy and diseased implants.