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Primary and secondary peritonitis: an update
Abstract:
Intraabdominal infections are commonly encountered in clinical practice and represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The most common etiology is contamination of the peritoneal space by endogenous microflora secondary to loss of integrity of the gastrointestinal tract which results in secondary peritonitis. Primary peritonitis or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is less common and usually occurs in the presence of ascites without an evident source of infection. Peritonitis associated with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is not discussed in this review. This review summarizes the significant progress which has been made with regard to primary and secondary peritonitis in the last two decades. The review emphasizes the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, medical treatment and prevention.
Insights
This review covers advancements in understanding primary and secondary peritonitis, focusing on their causes, diagnosis, and treatment. It highlights key progress in managing these common intraabdominal infections over the past two decades.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Gastroenterology
- Clinical Microbiology
Background:
- Intraabdominal infections are frequent causes of severe illness and death.
- Secondary peritonitis arises from gastrointestinal tract barrier disruption.
- Primary peritonitis occurs with ascites, lacking a clear infectious source.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review progress in primary and secondary peritonitis over the last 20 years.
- To emphasize key aspects including etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis.
- To cover medical treatment and prevention strategies for peritonitis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of primary and secondary peritonitis.
- Analysis of recent advancements in the last two decades.
- Synthesis of information on etiology, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Main Results:
- Significant progress has been made in understanding peritonitis.
- Etiology and pathogenesis of primary and secondary peritonitis are better elucidated.
- Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have advanced.
Conclusions:
- Recent advancements have improved the management of intraabdominal infections.
- Continued research into etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention is crucial.
- Effective diagnosis and treatment are key to reducing peritonitis morbidity and mortality.