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Analysis of mumps vaccine failure by means of avidity testing for mumps virus-specific immunoglobulin G
M Narita1, Y Matsuzono, Y Takekoshi
1Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Abstract:
To characterize patients with mumps vaccine failure, avidity testing was performed with the Enzygnost Anti-Parotitis Virus/IgG kit using a single-dilution-6 M urea denaturation method. Five groups of patients were tested. Group 1 consisted of 29 patients with primary mumps infections; group 2 was 20 children and adults with a definite history of natural infection; group 3 was 7 patients with a recent mumps vaccination, 1 of whom developed parotid gland swelling and aseptic meningitis; group 4 was 14 patients with mumps vaccine failure; and group 5 was 6 patients with recurrent episodes of parotitis in addition to a history of vaccination. On the basis of the results of groups 1 and 2, an avidity of /=32% was determined to be high. Avidity maturation from low to high appears to occur around 180 days after the acute illness. The results of group 3 showed that the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) had very low avidity. Among the 14 patients in group 4, 12 patients, including 7 with a positive IgM response, were diagnosed as having secondary vaccine failures. The results of group 5 suggested the possibility that the avidity of the mumps vaccine-induced IgG remains low or borderline. These results showed that secondary mumps vaccine failure occurs not infrequently, even among school age children under condition in which the vaccine coverage is low (i.e., 33% in our study population), and therefore, vaccinees are prone to be exposed to wild-type viruses. Avidity testing should provide information useful for the analysis of mumps virus infections.
Insights
Mumps vaccine failure is common, with avidity testing revealing low immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in many cases. This suggests vaccinees may be susceptible to wild-type mumps virus exposure.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Mumps vaccine failure necessitates understanding the immune response post-vaccination.
- Avidity testing, a measure of antibody- কার্যকারিতা, can differentiate between primary and secondary infections.
- Previous studies have not fully characterized mumps vaccine failure using avidity assays.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize patients experiencing mumps vaccine failure using immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity testing.
- To establish avidity thresholds for distinguishing between natural infection and vaccine response.
- To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of secondary mumps vaccine failure.
Main Methods:
- Enzygnost Anti-Parotitis Virus/IgG kit employed for avidity testing with 6 M urea denaturation.
- Five patient groups analyzed: primary infection, natural infection history, recent vaccination, vaccine failure, and recurrent parotitis with vaccination history.
- Avidity thresholds defined based on primary and natural infection groups (low ≤31%, high ≥32%).
Main Results:
- Avidity maturation from low to high observed approximately 180 days post-illness.
- Vaccine-induced IgG demonstrated very low avidity in recently vaccinated individuals.
- Secondary vaccine failure identified in 12 of 14 patients, with 7 showing positive IgM response.
Conclusions:
- Secondary mumps vaccine failure occurs frequently, even in populations with low vaccine coverage.
- Low avidity of vaccine-induced IgG may indicate susceptibility to wild-type mumps virus.
- Avidity testing is a valuable tool for analyzing mumps virus infections and vaccine effectiveness.
