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Use of music to decrease aggressive behaviors in people with dementia

M E Clark1, A W Lipe, M Bilbrey

  • 1Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, USA.

Journal of Gerontological Nursing
|November 5, 1998
PubMed
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Playing preferred music during bathing significantly reduced aggressive behaviors in individuals with Alzheimer's type dementia. This intervention also improved cooperation and affect, enhancing care quality for those with severe cognitive impairment.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Alzheimer's type dementia (ATD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Aggressive behaviors are common in individuals with ATD, particularly during care activities like bathing.
  • Current interventions for managing ATD-related aggression have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of recorded preferred music in reducing aggressive behaviors during bathing in individuals with severe ATD.
  • To assess the impact of music intervention on cooperation and affect during bathing episodes.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subjects design was employed with 18 older adults diagnosed with severe ATD.
  • Participants experienced both a control (no music) and an experimental (preferred music) condition during bathing.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Observations of aggressive behaviors and caregiver reports were collected over 20 bathing episodes per condition.

    • Main Results:

    • Music intervention led to significant decreases in overall aggressive behaviors (p < 0.05) and hitting behaviors.
    • Reductions were observed in 12 out of 15 identified aggressive behaviors during the music condition.
    • Caregivers reported improved mood and increased cooperation with the bathing task when music was played.

    Conclusions:

    • Recorded preferred music is an effective, non-pharmacological intervention for reducing aggression in individuals with severe ATD during bathing.
    • Music therapy can enhance the quality of care by improving patient affect and cooperation.
    • Findings support the integration of music-based interventions into daily care routines for individuals with dementia.