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[Effect of induced diabetes on reproduction and development]
M A Palomino Garibay1, C Revilla Monsalve, A Cárdenas Sánchez
1Unidad de investigación médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS. México, D.F.
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and it has been studied in relation to the organs that affects, and the reproduction system is not the exception. Scientists had developed experimental animal models to investigate the effects of diabetes using different substances being streptozotocin (STZ) the most effective. STZ is natural compound produced by the Streptomyces achromogenes that selectively destroys the beta cells of the pancreas breaking the DNA. It has been proved that equilibrated solutions of STZ stored at 6 degrees C, are very effective in inducing diabetes to several animal species such as rat, mouse and hamster. In rats, the disorders in reproduction have been associated to dysfunctions in the hipotalamohipofisis-gonadal axis, given by a reduction in the secretion of GnRH, as well as of LH, FSH, prolactin and alterations in the gonadal secretion of steroids (testosterone, estrogens, progesterone). Due to this situation, male production of spermatozoids as well as its' motility is impair. In females, the principal effects are ovaric atrophy, impaired folliculogenesis, insufficiency of the corpora lutea, and problems associated with the maintenance of pregnancy. Many researchers had associated the prevalens of congenital malformation with a hiperglucemic state, being the most common retardation of the development, defects in the closure of the neural tube, micrognatias, heart malformations, etc.
Insights
Diabetes mellitus impairs reproductive health in animal models. Streptozotocin (STZ) induces diabetes, causing hormonal imbalances and affecting sperm production in males and ovarian function in females.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Reproductive Biology
- Toxicology
Context:
- Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health concern impacting multiple organ systems.
- Reproductive dysfunction is a recognized complication of diabetes.
- Experimental animal models are crucial for understanding diabetes-induced reproductive effects.
Purpose:
- To investigate the impact of diabetes, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), on the reproductive system in animal models.
- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying diabetes-related reproductive disorders.
Summary:
- Streptozotocin (STZ) selectively destroys pancreatic beta cells, inducing diabetes in animal models (rats, mice, hamsters).
- In male rats, diabetes disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, reducing reproductive hormone secretion (GnRH, LH, FSH, prolactin) and steroidogenesis, impairing sperm production and motility.
- In female rats, diabetes causes ovarian atrophy, impaired folliculogenesis, corpus luteum insufficiency, and pregnancy maintenance issues. Hyperglycemia is linked to congenital malformations.
Impact:
- Provides insights into the pathophysiology of diabetes-related reproductive dysfunction.
- Highlights the utility of STZ-induced diabetes models for reproductive research.
- Informs potential therapeutic strategies for reproductive complications in diabetic patients.