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Related Experiment Videos

Disentangling the overlap between Tourette's disorder and ADHD

T Spencer1, J Biederman, M Harding

  • 1Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|November 6, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Children with Tourette's syndrome (TS) and ADHD share similar neuropsychiatric issues, but TS combined with ADHD presents more severe challenges and lower psychosocial functioning. This highlights the impact of co-occurring ADHD in TS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Tourette's syndrome (TS) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders in children.
  • Both conditions often present with overlapping symptoms and comorbidities, necessitating a clear understanding of their distinct and shared correlates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the specific neuropsychiatric similarities and differences between children diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome (TS) and those with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • To investigate the impact of comorbid ADHD on the presentation and severity of symptoms in children with TS.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving five groups: children with TS and ADHD (N=79), children with TS without ADHD (N=18), children with ADHD (N=563), psychiatrically referred children (N=212), and healthy controls (N=140).

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  • Assessment of neuropsychiatric correlates, including specific disorders, behavioral patterns, mood, anxiety, neuropsychological functioning, and social/school performance.

    • Main Results:

    • Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and simple phobias were specifically associated with Tourette's syndrome.
    • Children with TS and ADHD exhibited more overall comorbid disorders and poorer psychosocial functioning compared to children with ADHD alone.
    • Rates of other disruptive behavioral, mood, and anxiety disorders, alongside neuropsychological correlates and social/school functioning, were comparable between children with TS and ADHD.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirms the established link between Tourette's syndrome and OCD.
    • Comorbidity with ADHD appears to account for disruptive behavioral, mood, and anxiety disorders, as well as cognitive dysfunctions in children with TS.
    • Tourette's syndrome combined with ADHD represents a more severe clinical condition than ADHD in isolation.