New muteins of RNase A with enhanced antitumor action

Monomeric bovine pancreatic RNase A has been transformed into a dimeric ribonuclease with antitumor activity (Di Donato, A., Cafaro, V. and D'Alessio, G. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17394-17396). This was accomplished by replacing the residues located in the RNase chain at positions 19, 28, 31, and 32, with proline, leucine, and two cysteine residues, respectively, i.e. those present at identical positions in the subunit of bovine seminal RNase, a dimeric RNase of the pancreatic-type superfamily, endowed with a powerful antitumor action. However, as an antitumor agent this mutant dimeric RNase A is not as powerful as seminal RNase. We report here site-directed mutagenesis experiments which have led to the identification of two other amino acid residues, glycine 38 and 111, whose substitution in the polypeptide chain of the first generation dimeric mutant of RNase A, is capable of conferring to the mutein the full cytotoxic activity characteristic of native seminal RNase.