CD19 is linked to the integrin-associated tetraspans CD9, CD81, and CD82

The CD19-CD21-CD81 complex regulates signal transduction events critical for B lymphocyte development and humoral immunity. CD81, a molecule with 4 transmembrane domains, member of the tetraspan superfamily, is engaged, together with other tetraspans such as CD9, CD53, CD63, and CD82, in multimolecular complexes containing beta1 integrins and major histocompatibility complex antigens. Here we demonstrate that two other tetraspans, CD82 and the early B cell marker CD9, are coimmunoprecipitated with CD19 from Brij97 lysates of B cell lines. Moreover, CD9 was coprecipitated from lysates of purified CD10(+) early B cells. These associations were confirmed by the cocapping of CD19 with CD9 or CD82. The CD9/CD19 association was disrupted in the presence of digitonin, contrary to the CD81/CD19 association, indicating that CD9 and CD81 interact with CD19 in different ways. The CD9/CD81 association is also disrupted in the presence of digitonin, suggesting that CD9 associates with CD19 only through CD81. To characterize the regions involved in the CD81/CD19 association, two reciprocal CD9/CD81 chimeric molecules were tested for the association with CD19, but none of them could be coprecipitated with CD19 in digitonin, indicating that the domain of CD81 responsible for its association with CD19 is complex. Finally, engagement of CD9 could induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of different proteins, including CD19 itself, suggesting that the CD9/CD19 association is functionally relevant. Thus, a physical and functional link is formed between the CD19-CD21-CD81 complex and the integrin-tetraspan complexes, which is dynamically modulated in the process of B cell differentiation.