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Neurological complications of radiotherapy and chemotherapy
F Keime-Guibert1, M Napolitano, J Y Delattre
1Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Salpetrière, Paris, France.
Journal of Neurology
|November 10, 1998
Summary
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can cause neurological complications, impacting treatment limits. Key issues include radiation-induced radionecrosis and chemotherapy neurotoxicity, particularly with specific drugs.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Neurology
- Radiation Therapy
Background:
- Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can lead to central or peripheral nervous system complications.
- These neurological side effects are often dose-dependent, limiting treatment intensity.
- Understanding these complications is crucial for patient management in cancer care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the neurological complications associated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
- To classify radiation-induced neurological effects and highlight key issues.
- To discuss the factors influencing chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of neurological complications from cancer treatments.
- Classification of radiation-induced neurological damage (acute, early-delayed, delayed).
- Analysis of chemotherapy neurotoxicity based on drug type, dose, and combination therapy.
Main Results:
- Neurological complications affect both central and peripheral nervous systems.
- Radiation-induced effects include radionecrosis and cognitive dysfunction/leukoencephalopathy.
- Chemotherapy neurotoxicity is common, influenced by drugs like cisplatin and methotrexate, and combined treatments.
Conclusions:
- Neurological complications are significant limiting factors in radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
- Radionecrosis and cognitive dysfunction are major radiation-related concerns.
- Chemotherapy neurotoxicity requires careful consideration of drug choice and dosage, especially when combined with radiation.